Hydraulics and Hydrology Lec Free Essays

string(26) with a frameworks approach. 48362 †HYDRAULICS and HYDROLOGY James E Ball †Hydrology Component SUBJECT DETAILS 1 CONTACTS ? Assoc Prof James Ball ? ? ? james. ball@uts. edu. We will compose a custom paper test on Hydrodynamics and Hydrology Lec or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now au ph †9514 2623 Office Hours ? ? Monday 2:00 †4:00pm Contact by email for arrangement SUBJECT CONCEPT The goal of this part of the subject is: ? Present designing hydrology; ? Present hydrological forms; ? Present flood estimation; and ? Present designing hydrology applications in water assets the board. 2 SUBJECT CONCEPT This presentation is focused on: ? Giving a capacity to apply regularly utilized techniques in hydrology; and ? Give a comprehension of the hypothesis behind these techniques. REFERENCES Three references that might be valuable are ? Applied Hydrology †Chow, Maidment Mays, McGraw-Hill Book Co. ? Hydrology An Australian Introduction †Ladson, Oxford University Press ? Australian Rainfall Runoff †A Guide to Flood Estimation †Engineers Australia No distributed Course Notes are accessible for this subject. 3 SUBJECT DOCUMENTS UTS-Online will be utilized for appropriation of ? Duplicates of talk slides; ? Understanding material; and ? Instructional exercise issues. Understudies should take note of that extra reference books might be noted in the talk slides. Talk STRUCTURE Each Hydrology address period will contain: ? 2 hour address; and ? 1 hour instructional exercise. It is normal that understudies will have gotten to the talk slides, understanding material and instructional exercises before the talk time frame. 4 SUBJECT TIMETABLE Date Topic 27 February Hydrology and Water Resources 5 March Meteorology 12 March Hydrologic Data 19 March Surface Water 27 March Storm Runoff 2 April Hydrologic Design 9 April Design Rainfall 1 May Peak Flow Estimation 7 May Hydrograph Estimation †Part 1 13 May Hydrograph Estimation †Part 2 14 May Environmental Flows 21 May Water Sensitive Urban Design 4 June Course Review HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Lecture 1 5 CONTENT ? Prologue to Hydrology ? Advancement of Hydrology ? Hydrologic Cycle ? Australian Hydrology INTRODUCTION 6 DEFINITION OF HYDROLOGY Greek word: Hydor = water ology = investigation of Hydraulics originates from Greek word hydraulikos which thus originates from hydor (Greek for water) and aulos (which means pipe). Meaning OF HYDROLOGY UNESCO (1979)1 characterizes hydrology as â€Å"the physical science which treats the waters of the Earth, their Occurrence, Circulation and Distribution, their Chemical and Physical Properties, and their Reaction with the Environment†. UNESCO, (1979), Impact of urbanization and industrialisation on water assets arranging and the board, Studies and Reports in Hydrology, UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris. 7 Water is fundamental for support of life. Early civilisations were focused on streams ? ? foundation of settlements close to waterways undifferentiated from searching for indications of water on Mars Managem ent of water is multi-disciplinary; numerous callings are included. WATER Variety of issues experienced incorporate ? Flood moderation ? Clean sewer frameworks ? Land waste ? Water Supply ? Duct and scaffold plan ? Ecological Flows ? Disintegration ? Mine tailings ? Dry season ? Adjustment to environmental change ? Water system frameworks ? Hydro-electric and force age ? Stormwater frameworks 8 RURAL FLOODING URBAN FLOODS 9 STORMWATER STRUCTURES STORMWATER DRAINS 10 WATER SUPPLY HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER 11 IRRIGATION SCHEMES DROUGHT 12 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Ancient civilisations were incorporated with their waterway valleys. Models are ? ? ? ? ? Egyptian Civilisations and the Nile Valley Mesopotamian Civilisations and the TigrisEuphrates Indian Civilisations and the Indus Valley Ancient China and the Yellow River Andean Civilisations and Coastal Peru DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Huge numbers of structures from early civilisations are still in activity. Enormous scope water system and waste works were related with these civilisations. Most punctual recorded dam is about 2900BC (the Sadd Al-Kafara at Wadi Al-Garawi, 25km south of Cairo) Used for both flood security and water system. Likewise site of soonest known dam disappointment. 13 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Oldest enduring dam on the planet is the Grand Anicut Dam on the Kaveri River in Southern India. This structue goes back to second Century AD. Advancement OF HYDROLOGY Water gracefully to Ancient Rome has been evaluated as being approx 500L/c/d. Ebb and flow water gracefully prerequisites are ? ? ? Australian urban communities, structure †approx. 430L/c/d Australian urban communities, real †approx. 230L/c/d US urban areas, plan †approx 600L/c/d Drainage structures, (for example, the Cloaca Maxima) from Ancient Rome are as yet being utilized today. 14 ANCIENT ROMANS Cloaca maxima Bath, UK AQUEDUCTS Pont du Gard, France c19 BC Hampi, India first century AD 15 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Flood assurance has been polished for a great many years along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It stays an issue of worry in these territories to the present day. Improvement OF HYDROLOGY Water has been of enthusiasm for a long time. Old Greek and Roman rationalists estimated on a hydrologic cycle †Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Lucretius, Seneca, Pliny. This cycle was created from their perceptions of water in their condition. Utilization of perceptions stays an essential segment of momentum hydrologic applications and research. 16 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Chinese recorded perceptions of downpour ? ? ? A yang prophet bones as right on time as 1200BC; Used downpour checks around 1000BC; and Established orderly records about 200BC. Indian records go back to 400BC. Advancement OF HYDROLOGY Scientific improvement of hydrology happened uring the Renaissance time frame. Models are ? ? ? Leonardo da Vinci †speed disseminations in streams. Bernard Palissy †springs started from precipitation. Pierre Perrault †overflow is a small amount of precipitation. 17 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Other commitments during this period were made by ? ? ? ? ? Galileo Newton Bernoulli Euler Lagrange DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Sig nificant logical advancement happened in the nineteenth Century when ? ? ? ? ? Dalton proposed the guideline of vanishing. Hagen-Poiseuille portrayed slender stream. Mulvaney built up the Rational strategy. Darcy portrayed numerically permeable media low. Rippl created strategies for deciding stockpiling necessities. 18 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY twentieth Century saw fast improvement of quantitative hydrology. Greatest impact during this period was the advancement of the computerized PC and the improvement of catchment demonstrating frameworks. Restriction presently is information accessibility instead of estimation limit. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 19 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE One of the basic patterns of nature. Reason for the study of hydrology. Significant focuses ? ? ? ? Cycle has no beginning and no closure. Cycle is consistent. Stream of water in the cycle isn't consistent. Water moves sporadically through the cycle. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 20 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 21 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE General segments of the cycle are ? Climatic Water ? Surface Water ? Ground Water In investigation of water asset issues, these segments are treated with a frameworks approach. You read Power through pressure and Hydrology Lec in class Papers 22 SYSTEMS CONCEPT A frameworks idea is applied while considering the hydrological cycle or some segment thereof. This is steady with the reductionist idea utilized in many building issues. Frameworks CONCEPT The reductionist way of thinking depends on lessening the framework to various littler omponents. The reaction of the framework at that point is resolved from summation of the reactions of the individual parts. 23 SYSTEMS CONCEPT WATER BALANCE 24 WATER BALANCE Amount of water doesn't change. Where it might be found changes. Water possibly found in the oceans and seas, in the air, by all accounts, u nderneath the surface, and in organic frameworks. WATER BALANCE ITEM Oceans Polar Ice Groundwater Lakes Soil Moisture Atmospheric Water Rivers Biological ?Water VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER 1. 338 x 109 96. 5 24. 0 x 106 1. 7 23. 4 x 106 1. 69 187. 9 x 103 0. 0138 16. 5 x 103 0. 0012 12. 9 x 103 . 001 2. 1 x 103 0. 0002 1. 1 x 103 0. 0001 1. 386 x 109 100. 0 UNESCO, 1978 †ref 11, ladson ch1 25 WATER BALANCE Not all water is freshwater. Just approx 2. 5% of the water is new water †water in the seas and some lake water and ground water is saline. Thinking about just new water, the qualities in the past table are altered to WATER BALANCE UNESCO, 1978 ITEM VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER Polar Ice 24. 0 x 106 68. 6 Groundwater 23. 4 x 106 30. 1 103 0. 26 Soil Moisture 16. 5 x 103 0. 05 Atmospheric Water 103 0. 04 Rivers 2. 1 x 103 0. 006 Biological Water 1. 1 x 103 0. 003 Fresh Water 35. 0 x 106 00. 0 Lakes 187. 9 x 12. 9 x 26 WATER BALANCE Basis of any volume based issue is a water balance. This is an utilization of the idea of congruity. All in all, use of progression gives in volume terms Inflow †Outflow = Change in Storage (? S) And in transition terms Qi †Qo = ? S/? t WATER BALANCE Components of inflow for a water body, for example, a lake or repository are ? Precipitation (P) ? Inflow from streams or groundwater (I) 27 WATER BALANCE Components of surge for a water body, for example, a lake or store are ? Evapo-transpiration (ET); ? Surges †Extractions, Downstream streams, (O); and ? Drainage (G) WATER BALANCE Hence the water balance for a water body is P + I †O †ET †G = ? S 28 WATER FLOWS While the volume of water in a source is significant, the motion of water through a segment is significant too. A sign of the motion can be gotten from the graph of the hydrological cycle. WATER FLOWS The Global Annual Water Balance is appeared on in units comparative with the yearly volume